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Skull Boring (Trepanation)
Long before modern brain surgery there was trepanation, the removal of bone by boring a small hole in the human skull. In Russia, Europe, and the Near East, trepanation was practiced as long ago as the Neolithic period, or Nav Stone Age (9000-6000 B.c.). In some places it was common as recently as the Middle Ages.Trepanned skulls have recently been found associated with the Inca civilisation (thirteenth to sixteenth centuries A.D.) of Peru. Trepanation may have been done somtimes as a religious ritual but in many cases it appears to have been a medical treatment for a blow to the cranium and the resulting hematoma, or swelling filled wtth blood. Cranial drilling was intended to cure head injuries by allowing ail spirits to escape Irom the heads of the possessed. As late as the nineteenth century, trepanning was used to treat migraine headaches and epilepsy. The procedure varied by place and time, with more than a dozen possible methods of scraping and grooving the skull to remove bone without damaging the underlying dura, a fibrous membrane that protects the brain.
The Incas were trained to anadsthetize the patient with herbs and nerve pressure, and there is evidence that some cultutres successfully used primitive antibiotics to stave of infection
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Contributor's Note
This intel reflects only one of my activities. I also write about and/or have websites on Vespa Scooters, Lambretta Scooters, Hardy Banana plants, Medical memorabilia, reborn baby dolls and much more. Hope you enjoyed the read, Philip Davey
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This intel was contributed by Phildave
Phildave
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May, 2012
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